We examined common heterozygous loci between samples from Japan and elsewhere, from which we inferred that an individual closely related to the sample from Fujian, China, was introduced to Japan across the sea without seed reproduction.
Somatic mutations may accumulate in a heterozygous manner within a single clone. The result suggested that all tested samples were clones via vegetative reproduction. Among the 414,952 high-quality SNPs, 319,431 (77%) loci were identified as heterozygous common to all tested samples. We next narrowed down the number of polymorphic loci using several filters and extracted more reliable SNPs. Only 4.1 million loci (0.37% of the analyzed genomic region) were identified as polymorphic loci. We sequenced the whole genome of Moso bamboo in Japan and compared them with data reported previously from 15 regions of China. Here, based on detailed analysis of heterozygosity in genome diversity, we estimate the spread of genome diversity and its pedigree of Moso bamboo. However, it is unclear where and how Moso bamboo was introduced in Japan from China. Moso bamboo in Japan is thought to have been introduced from China over the sea in 1736. Recently, a draft genome of Moso bamboo was reported, followed by whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis, which showed that the genome of Moso bamboo in China has regional characteristics. Thus, Moso bamboo can be propagated vegetatively, possibly resulting in highly heterozygous genetic inheritance. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is a typical East Asian bamboo that does not flower for > 60 years and propagates without seed reproduction.
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